A “fetish” is an object representing something that is revered by the people who are using it. The “original” fetishes (wemawe) were derived from rocks whose natural shape suggested a creature or Being. Over history, these “found” objects and materials began to be transformed through carving into "power animals" and other beneficent figures. The carver would uncover the fetish inside and release what was trapped the stone. Fetish allies were called upon to ensure fertility, protection, and adequate rainfall. Stone prey animals were used in hunting, and corn maidens brought abundant crops.
Long ago, the Zuni Nation of New Mexico began to emerge as the premier carvers of the time. Their skillful craftsmanship earned them the respect of neighboring tribes who traded for the prized Zuni fetishes. The fetishes were believed to contain great power and beauty.
In modern time, the art of Zuni fetish carving is enjoying a revival. Individual artists are becoming well-known, and some fine pieces are even highly collected.
Below is a list of some of the animals carved and their general meanings from the Zuni perspective. This is not a complete list. There are many other animals and even plants that are honored through carving. Please note the six animals with asterisks (*). They are considered to be “directional animals” and are used as communicators with spirit beings of the indicated direction. Particular colors are also associated with these animals.
Badger* (South) Tenacity, Stamina, Passion
Bear* (West) Strength, Healing, Introspection
Beaver Industry, Adeptness, Skill
Buffalo Power, Endurance, Abundance
Corn Maiden Keeper of the “Secret of Life”, Good Crops
Coyotes Teacher, Independence, Humor
Deer Agility, Speed, Gentleness
Dragonfly Messenger from Ancestors
Eagle* (Sky) Ability to Soar, Vision, Clarity
Frog Fertility, Sound (use of), Renewal
Hawk Nobility, Inspiration, Illumination
Horse Courage, Speed, Safety in Travel
Hummingbird Joy, Beauty, Thankfulness
Lizard Relaxation, Wisdom, Silence
Mole* (Underground) Self-Acceptance, Grounding
Mountain Lion* (North) Leadership, Boundaries, Agility
Otter Playfulness, Dexterity, Parenting
Owl Wisdom, Foresight, Transition to Afterlife
Rabbit Tact, Gentleness, Surrender
Raven Mystery, Change, Control, Magi
Snake Transmutation of Energy, Change
Squirrel Planning, Trust, Friendship
Turtle Longevity, Loyalty, Peace
Wolf* (East) Commitment, Sociability, Stamina